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Abstract Introduction: Studies show that people with forward head posture usually suffer from neck posture disorder, proprioceptive disorder, and postural control disorder. Considering that there are evidences that brain waves in people with situational control disorder are different compared to healthy people, in this research we aimed to investigate the degree of dependence of balance of these people on cognitive resources while performing a mental task and to Let's examine the effect of performing dual tasks on brain wave activity and static and dynamic balance control of people with forward head posture. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the effect of performing dual tasks on the level of brain wave activity and control of static and dynamic balance of people with forward head posture. Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 36 male students with head forward posture (having a craniovertebral angle less than 45 degrees) (with an average age of 24.2±16.33 years, an average weight of 70.4±22.87 kg and average height 174.4±61.4 cm) and 36 healthy male students (having a craniovertebral angle greater than 55 degrees) (with an average age of 23.2±50.21 years, an average weight of 69.4±44.92 kg and average height 174.4±41.05 cm) were purposefully selected to participate in the present study. An electroencephalography device was used as a tool to record brain waves. The Y test was used to measure dynamic balance and the stork test was used to evaluate static balance. The cognitive task used in the present study was a kind of mathematical calculations during the registration of balance information; In this way, during the test, the person started counting down from a randomly selected number with an interval of three units, at the same time, the person's voice was recorded, and then the number of answers given and the relative error of the person were counted. In order to examine and analyze the research hypotheses, a two-way analysis of variance (group (healthy and head forward) × cognitive task (with cognitive task and without cognitive task)) was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 statistical software and default alpha at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the static and dynamic balance of the participants with forward head posture and healthy participants, and the participants with forward head posture statistically had weaker static and dynamic balance. (P<0.05). Also, the results of the present study showed that the dual (cognitive) task had a significant effect on the static and dynamic balance of the participants with forward head posture and healthy participants, and statistically weakened the static and dynamic balance of the participants with forward head posture and The participants were healthy (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the brain waves (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Sensorimotor, Beta, Gamma) of participants with forward head posture and healthy participants, and the participants with forward head posture were statistically significantly with the exception of alpha wave, brain waves (delta, theta, sensory motor, beta, gamma) were higher (P<0.05). Also, the dual (cognitive) task had a significant effect on the brain waves (delta, theta, alpha, sensory motor, beta, gamma) of the participants in the forward head posture and the healthy participants, and statistically, except for the alpha wave (significant decrease) caused more activity of brain waves (Delta, Theta, Sensorimotor, Beta, Gamma) in participants with forward head posture and healthy participants (P<0.05). Conclusion: The comparison of the obtained values showed that there was a significant difference between the static and dynamic balance of forward head posture and healthy people, and people with forward head posture had weaker static and dynamic balance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the forward head posture can reduce the balance. Also, people with forward head posture have higher brain waves than healthy people. The cognitive task also intensifies the stability of posture and brain activities; Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to forward head posture as an effective factor related to balance and brain wave disorders, and include exercises that reduce the forward angle and improve neck alignment in your training program. Key words: postural stability, electroencephalograph, attention, forward head posture
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